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In linguistics, control is a construction in which the understood subject of a given predicate is determined by some expression in context. Stereotypical instances of control involve verbs. A superordinate verb "controls" the arguments of a subordinate, nonfinite verb. Control was intensively studied in the Government and binding framework in the 1980s, and much of the terminology from that era is still used today.〔See for instance van Riemsdijk and Williams (1986:128ff.), Cowper (1992:161ff.), Borsley (1996:126-144).〕 In the days of Transformational Grammar, control phenomena were discussed in terms of ''Equi-NP deletion''.〔Concerning the designation ''Equi-NP deletion'' for control structures, see for instance Bach (1974:116f.), Emonds (1976:193f. note 15), Culicover (1982:250).〕 Control is often analyzed in terms of a null pronoun called ''PRO''. Control is also related to raising, although there are important differences between control and raising. Most if not all languages have control constructions and these constructions tend to occur frequently. ==Examples== Standard instances of (obligatory) control are present in the following sentences: ::Susan promised us to help. - Subject control with the obligatory control predicate ''promise'' ::Fred stopped laughing. - Subject control with the obligatory control predicate ''stop'' ::We tried to leave. - Subject control with the obligatory control predicate ''try'' ::Sue asked Bill to stop. - Object control with the obligatory control predicate ''ask'' ::They told you to support the effort. - Object control with the obligatory control predicate ''tell'' ::Someone forced him to do it. - Object control with the obligatory control predicate ''force'' Each of these sentences contains two verbal predicates. Each time the control verb is on the left, and the verb whose arguments are controlled is on the right. The control verb determines which expression is interpreted as the subject of the verb on the right. The first three sentences are examples of subject control, since the subject of the control verb is also the understood subject of the subordinate verb. The second three examples are instances of object control, because the object of the control verb is understood as the subject of the subordinate verb. The argument of the matrix predicate that functions as the subject of the embedded predicate is the ''controller''. The controllers are in bold in the examples. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Control (linguistics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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